Ubuntu 19.04 : Getting Started

To install Ubuntu 19.04 OS follow steps below:

1. Insert Ubuntu 19.04 installation disk and reboot your computer and then choose the language:
2. Choose the language to be used for the installation process
3. Select your country for System Time Zone setting
4. Configure the keyboard layout. Select Yes to detect your keyboard automatically and No to set manually.
5. Set your server’s hostname you would like to.
6. Specify a user. The user will be an admin user by default and You can not enter the root user.
7. Enter a username that will be used on the Ubuntu System.
8. Set the user password and repeat that.
9. Select the TimeZone.
10. Here for configuring partitions. Select “Guided – use entire disk and set up LVM”
11. Select the disk partitions.
12. Choose the answer “Yes” to write the changes in the disk and configure LVM.
13. Enter the disk size.
14. Answer “Yes” to finish the process.
15. Automatical update sometimes causes troubles, so better to update manually. So I will set “No automatic updates”.
16. In this section select the software if you want to install it.
17. To install GRUB Boot Loader on MBR select Yes.
18. To completed installation click to “Continue”.
19. The system will reboot and take out the installation disk.
20. After Ubuntu restarted, log in with a user you set during the installation on “Step 7”.

You can follow the slides below to see all these steps:

Basic commands: Update server, Service control an etc.

After installing the operating system we need to update the server. To do that follow commands below:

root@thehackertips:~# apt update
root@thehackertips:~# apt upgrade

To list the running service on Ubuntu 19.04 run the commands below:

root@thehackertips:~# systemctl -t service

To start, restart, stop or show status the services using these commands:

root@thehackertips:~# systemctl start firewalld 
root@thehackertips:~# systemctl restart  firewalld 
root@thehackertips:~# systemctl stop  firewalld 
root@thehackertips:~# systemctl status firewalld

Add a new user and set the password

To create new user and set the password on Ubuntu 19.04 follow commands below:

root@thehackertips:~# adduser ubuntuuser
Adding user `ubuntuuser' ...
Adding new group `ubuntuuser' (1001) ...
Adding new user `ubuntuuser' (1001) with group `ubuntuuser' ...
Creating home directory `/home/ubuntuuser' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for ubuntuuser
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
        Full Name []: ubuntuuser
        Room Number []: 1
        Work Phone []: 1
        Home Phone []: 1
        Other []: 1
Is the information correct? [Y/n] Y
root@thehackertips:~# 

You can switch root to ubuntuuser or ubuntuuser to a root. To do that follow commands below:

root@thehackertips:~# su - ubuntuuser
ubuntuuser@thehackertips:~$ su -
Password: # your root password
root@thehackertips:~#

Reset root/user Password

To reset password on Ubuntu 19.04 you need to use commands below:

root@thehackertips:~# sudo passwd root
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
root@thehackertips:~# sudo passwd ubuntuuser      # ubuntuuser is a simple user
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
root@thehackertips:~#

Set Hostname

To change hostname on Ubuntu 19.04 You can use these methods:

• Option 1: Edit hostname file with sudo vi /etc/hostname
• Option 2: hostnamectl set-hostname thehackertips.com # set hostname permanently
• Option 3: hostname thehackertips.com # this will gone after rebooting

To look status of hostname using this command:

 root@thehackertips:~# hostnamectl
    Static hostname: thehackertips.com
          Icon name: computer-vm
            Chassis: vm
         Machine ID: 8974aa87c0b349f2878938cabdf2269d
            Boot ID: ea59633ee9844c1f900a29ac3260fe71
     Virtualization: vmware
   Operating System: Ubuntu 19.04
             Kernel: Linux 5.0.0-13-generic
       Architecture: x86-64
 root@thehackertips:~# 

Configure Network Settings

One of the best way to set static IP address to server is to edit /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml file.

root@thehackertips:~# vi /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
          ens32:
                 dhcp4: no
                 addresses: [172.16.171.224/24]
                 gateway4: 172.16.171.1 
                 nameservers:
                         addresses: [8.8.8.8]
                 dhcp6: no

It may be different adapter name [ens32] on your system. You can check that by ip addr command. To see status of IP address command will be as follow:

root@thehackertips:~# ip add
 1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
     inet6 ::1/128 scope host
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 2: ens32:  mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
     link/ether 00:0c:29:d4:7b:be brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
     inet 172.16.171.224/24 brd 172.16.171.255 scope global ens32
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fed4:7bbe/64 scope link
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 root@thehackertips:~#